Enflurane Drug Metabolism, Genetics, Side Effects, and Interactions

Different people taking Enflurane often have very different reactions. One person may tolerate Enflurane well but not get the desired effect, another may have side effects or adverse reactions that make Enflurane intolerable, and yet another may get the desired effect with no side effects. These variations in response and side effects are caused by many variables, but genetic variation and metabolism-based drug, herbal, and food interactions are among the most common.

The table below shows the current clinical information explaining the metabolism of Enflurane .
This information was generated by GeneMedRx Personalized Medication Management software.

If Enflurane says major or exclusive substrate for CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, or CYP1A2, NAT2, or DPD; DNA testing can be ordered that can help your healthcare provider predict your response to this medication. GeneMedRx access is included with each DNA test so your healthcare providers can predict the cumulative effect of metabolism variables of concurrent medications, DNA test results, over-the-counters, foods, herbals, and other relevant patient factors. For more information on GeneMedRx or DNA Drug Sensitivity Testing™ please call 1-800-523-3080, or obtain a fully functional 30-day free trial of the software at www.GeneMedRx.com.

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Drugs are metabolized by the body in much the same way as food, herbals, and environmental pollutants; they are broken down by liver and gut enzymes or other mechanisms so they can be absorbed and eliminated in the bile and urine. Enzymes are available to metabolize specific substances- a medication is referred to as a substrate of the enzyme that can metabolize it. Often an enzyme will be capable of breaking down more than one substance, but sometimes if two or more drugs that use the same enzyme are taken (and metabolized) at the same time, an interaction can occur. Enzyme-related drug interactions can be brought about because some drugs, called inducers, increase the activity of an enzyme and others, called inhibitors, reduce it. Additionally, genetics can determine your inborn ability to create many of the enzymes in the liver or gut, and the amount of an enzyme that is available can dramatically alter how you process medication. Approximately 50% of individuals have inherited DNA alterations that can affect how they process the majority of the most commonly prescribed medications.

Why Personalized Medication Management is so important

Sources: Spear, trends in Medicine 2001: 7(5),a nd Aspinall, ACMG Presentation March 13, 2008 National Vital Statistics Reports 2005: 53 (17)- US Data from 2001

As you can see from the graph above, many medications are not effective. In addition, to being ineffective, sometimes medications can be dangerous. According to the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), there are over 100,000 fatal and 2.2 million serious but non-fatal adverse drug reactions every year in the U.S. These reactions are most common in patients taking multiple medications. JAMA also points out that fifty-nine percent of drugs most commonly cited in adverse drug reaction studies are processed by enzymes that are affected by inherited DNA variations (JAMA 286:2270 2001).

Call one of our DNA experts at 1-800-523-3080 today to learn more about DNA Testing (often covered by insurance), receive a free trial of our GeneMedRx software, or set up a free demonstration.

Would you like an information package? Simply complete the request form.

References

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/508543_2

Oesterheld, Jessica, M.D. GeneMedRx Drug Metabolism Tables

Cozza KL, Armstrong SC, Oesterheld JR (2003) Drug Interaction principles for Medical Practice. American Psychiatric Publishing Inc

http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/279/15/1200

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/431686

Phillips KA, Veenstra DL, Oren E, Lee JK, Sadee W: Potential role of pharmacogenomics in reducing adverse drug reactions: a systematic review. JAMA 286 (18): 2270–9, (2001)

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